Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. - 78.46.123.161. Tehran Univ Med J 55:2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy IM, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. liver, or serous membranes. Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. Acta Trop 125:115118. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed . This generalist approach helps the parasite evade a host defense. Acta Trop 62(3):127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). In other words, Central and South America. Iran J Med Sci 27(4):191192, Sulyok M, Rzsa L, Bod I et al (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ind J Ophthalm 62(12):1159, Article mature spermatozoa are stored by females following copulation. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Emerg Infect Dis. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infection in domestic bovids slaughtered in Tabriz Abattoir, Iran. Parasitology, 86: 59-83. PMID . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3041. Case Report Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). found in the oriental region of the world. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. Saumya Pal S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al (2011) An unusual intraocular tongue worm in anterior chamber: a case report. Iran J Parasitol. New York, Springer Publishing Co. p:120122, Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. 8600 Rockville Pike J Med Sci. In other words, India and southeast Asia. Riley, J. We describe a case of ocular linguatulosis in central Europe and provide molecular data on L. serrata tongue worms. However, the distance between L. serrata and the other species is larger than that between any other species. Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. Upon . The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal . Bookshelf This work was supported by the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Mobedi Em Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. J Parasit Dis 45, 5058 (2021). There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . Antropologia, Educao, Sociologia e Fenmenos Sociais Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . PubMed Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. Pal S S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. (Riley, 1983) Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. A viable parasite was extracted and transferred to physiologic saline. A molecular biological approach to the phylogenetic position of the genus. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. Infestations of the worm are frequent in humans, and deaths have even been reported due to blocked nasal passages. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 Cluster analyses resulted in homologous consensus trees independent of the evolutionary model used (Figure 2). Iran J Parasitol 3(1):5355, Montazeri A, Gamali R, Kazemi A (1997) A case report of Halzon syndrome. Parassitologia 43:105108, Parenzan P, Chieffi G (1951) First clinical case of human infestation from Linguatula serrata in Italy. (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. A behavioral evaluation of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata nymphs in rats. The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. It causes pentastomiasis and respiratory tract disorder in reptiles or carnivores and herbivorous mammals and rarely human. J Med Sci 27:191192, Sulyok M, Rozsa L, Bodo I, Tappe D, Hardi R (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the democratic republic of the Congo. (Drabick, 1987; Hami, et al., 2009), Linguatula serrata is an opportunist and can infect humans and other omnivores in their immature or mature stages, depending on their diet. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). Morphological support for the phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils. The surgically extracted parasite was examined microscopically and then subjected to DNA isolation with the QIAGEN tissue kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). Med J Islamic Rep Iran (MJIRI) 12(2):193194. Tavassoli, M., H. Tajic, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator eBook, Sadjjadi S, Ardehali S, Shojaei A (1998) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human pharynx from Shiraz, Southern Iran. About Us. J Biomed Clinic Res 6(2):131134, Mehlhorn H (ed) (2008) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd. Pathology 20(2):198199, Article Would you like email updates of new search results? [clarification needed] Parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites. If swallowed by the definitive host, the eggs are passed through the feces to the external environment. Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. (Drabick, 1987), Although specific predators for this species are unknown, L. serrata depends on predator-prey relationships to reach its hosts. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. PubMed Central [] most common form of human nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is transmitted through ingestion of L. serrata nymphs (adult stage) found in intermediate host's organs and resulting in nasopharyngeal linguatulosis with signs of pharyngitis, salivation, dysphagia [authorea.com] [] larva.it causes pentastomiasis and respiratory . The girl also had cats and a turtle, but cats are not primary hosts and turtles are never hosts for the life cycle of the L. serrata tongue worm (14). There was little information on the longevity of adults, but other pentastomid species can live for around ten years. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. Heartland Virus Disease in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, Auer H, et al. Those who can afford medical help can direct their treatment either towards eliminating the nymphs in their system or relieving the symptoms of infestation through nasal sprays or antihistamines. Cases of infection of this parasite commonly occur where animals are raised, such as slaughterhouses and farms. 2011-04-20T11:09:33-04:00 We assumed the mode of infection to be ingestion or direct eye contact with L. serrata eggs and the source of infection to be 1 of the patients 2 pet dogs. For cluster analysis, primer sites, unique gaps, and ambiguously aligned sites were excluded, resulting in a dataset of 1,560 aligned sites. It behaves very much like a worm. In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. Linguatulosis, as a zoonotic disease, can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman, South-eastern Iran: case report. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60(3):405409, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran. Larval L. serrata normaly measure 3-4 mm. Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review. The polyclinic doctor suspected that the worm was a parasite but he could not make a diagnosis, and the patient was referred to Health Research and Training Hospital, Yznc Yl University. Department of Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Zahra Nasiri,Sahar Saeedinia,Mahnaz khamseh,Mohadeseh Mohammad Salehi&Mina Zamani, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, You can also search for this author in Regional Stud Rep 13:135140. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). During an ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird's tapir (Tapirus . Rev Ass Md Bras 64(12):10811084, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P et al (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. There was not any conflict of interests by all authors. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. 2017 Aug;55(4):433-437. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.433. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. Careers. a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). DQ925818, DQ925819, AF436004, and DQ925842). living in the southern part of the New World. Parasite Epidemiol Control 7:e00111. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 243-245. Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. Linguatula serrata, infection in a dog imported from Ethiopia to the United States Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports 16:100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, Oluwasina OS, Thankgod OE, Augustine OO, Gimba FI (2014) Linguatula serrata (Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) infection among client-owned dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria: prevalence and public health implications. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, Riley DS et al (2017) CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document. A position as the sister group of branchiurian crustaceans (Maxillopoda) is supported by molecular data and sperm morphology (911) and is widely accepted today; however, sound evidence also exists for other classifications (12).